Topic+1a

Topic 1a

Sarah M-   Colligative Properties are the properties of solutions that depend on the number of molecules in a given volume of a solvent. Four of the colligative properties are vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, osmotic pressure. Vapor pressure lowering is the pressure brought by the vapor in equilibrium with its liquid; it increases upon increase of temperature. Boiling point elevation is when the boiling point increases. Freezing point depression is the pressure brought by the vapor equilibrium with its liquid. Osmotic pressure is the property that largely determines the physiological acceptability of parenteral, ophthalmic, and nasal solutions.  [] []

Sara C.

2 example of osmosis: – Salty solns in your body fluids are most concentrated than usual. –Your cells tend to absorb water from surrounding fluids.
 * If you eat a lot of salty foods you tend to feel bloated

Pickles are cucumbers that have been soaked in a brine, or salt solution. –The cucumber loses water through osmosis and shrivels into a pickle. || Source: []


 * Samantha A.

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 1. According to the graph, what is the normal freezing point of water?  2. What is the freezing point depression for sodium chloride?  3. Why is the freezing point of the magnesium chloride solution lower than the freezing point of the sodium chloride solution (assume equal concentrations)?  4. Assuming equal concentrations for all solutes, where would the freezing point of a sugar solution fall on the graph above?

**__Colligative __****__ Properties __** **1.) ** According to the graph in the excel document, the freezing point of pure water occurs at 0 degrees Celsius.   3.) ** Magnesium chloride solution is lower than the sodium chloride solution because Magnesium Chloride has more particles than Sodium Chloride. Therefore, Magnesium Chloride lowers the freezing point more to melt ice faster.  <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">  **4.)**  The freezing point of a sugar solution would be between pure water, which the freezing point is 0 degrees Celsius, and NaCl solution which is roughly 2.5 degrees Celsius
 * // Damian B //**
 * <span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontsize: 13.5pt; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 2.) **<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> The freezing point depression of Sodium Chloride is about 2.5 degrees Celsius.
 * <span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontsize: 13.5pt; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">